Target sign: An applanation epitheliopathy

Target Sign: Endoscopic Sign of the Colonic Perforation.

A 68-year-old man underwent an en bloc endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of a 20 mm non-granular laterally spreading tumor, type 0-IIa of the Paris classification, in the descending colon (Fig. 1). During the procedure, unintentional resection of the muscularis propria (‘target sign’) was observed immediately (Fig. 2A); the defect was closed by endoscopic clipping using four clips (Fig. 2B); n...

Applanation Tonometry Using One Drop of an Anaesthetic-fluorescein Mixture.

THE Goldmann applanation tonometer (1954), as modified by Goldmann and Schmidt (1957), is becoming the standard instrument for measuring the intra-ocular pressure. The accepted method of preparing the eye for a pressure reading is to anaesthetize the cornea and then to stain the pre-corneal film with fluorescein (DukeElder, 1962). The disadvantage of this method is that it requires two manceuvr...

Constant-area applanation tonography.

A tonography device, based on the MacKay-Marg tonometer, has been constructed which will applanate the cornea to a preselected area of 5.0 to 6.0 mm diameter and maintain that applanation area. The pressure decrease with time should resemble the pressure decrease following bolus injection of fluid into the eye. In most cases the pressure decreased in a linear slope, abruptly terminating in a pr...

Goldmann Tonometer Prism with an Optimized Error Correcting Applanation Surface

PURPOSE We evaluate solutions for an applanating surface modification to the Goldmann tonometer prism, which substantially negates the errors due to patient variability in biomechanics. METHODS A modified Goldmann or correcting applanation tonometry surface (CATS) prism is presented which was optimized to minimize the intraocular pressure (IOP) error due to corneal thickness, stiffness, curva...

Bilingual Sign Language Dictionary To Learn The Second Sign Language Without Learning A Target Spoken Language